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RAIB Report - Summary of learning - Wrong Side Failures of Signalling

DerekC

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I think many on this Forum may be interested in the above report which has just been published on the RAIB/Government website. The message (which I think might have been stated more clearly) is that the lessons of the Clapham accident are being forgotten and if the industry doesn't mend its ways we will have another serious accident with broadly similar underlying causes:

https://assets.publishing.service.g...side_failures_of_signalling_-_v2_May_2024.pdf

Here's the Overview

Overview The high level of safety expected of train movements can be delivered by train control and signalling systems only when the integrity of those systems can be assured. The tragic accident at Clapham Junction in 1988 occurred when a train driver received a proceed aspect at a signal which should have been at danger. This resulted in a collision with a preceding train which should have been protected by the signal. The incorrect proceed aspect was shown because inadequate working practices during a resignalling project had resulted in a loose, uninsulated redundant wire remaining close to, and eventually coming into contact with, other circuitry. As a result of this accident, 35 people lost their lives and the subsequent public inquiry led to major changes being made to signalling design, installation and testing processes. These processes remain in place today. Despite this, RAIB has investigated six incidents where the integrity of a train control system has been compromised by an incorrect application of the design standards or testing processes that were introduced to improve safety as a result of the Clapham Junction accident. 9. Wrong side failures of signalling Summary of learning Summary of learning - 2 Wrong side failures of signalling v2.May 2024 These include the collision at London Waterloo (report 19/2018), the serious operating irregularity at Cardiff East Junction (report 15/2017), the derailment at Dalwhinnie (report 10/2022) and two trains in the same signal section at Wingfield (report 11/2023). As well as more established train control systems, modern railway systems are increasingly dependent on software, which needs to be developed to a high standard to meet railway safety requirements. RAIB has investigated the loss of safety-critical data on the Cambrian lines and concluded that errors made during the development of the Aftermath of the 1988 accident at Clapham Junction. software-based signalling system had not been identified by the safety assurance process. Concerns relating to the safety assurance of a software product were also a factor in a collision at Hockham Road level crossing, which resulted in serious injuries to the crossing user. The events described in this summary of learning resulted from people taking actions which were inconsistent with the processes in which they had been assessed as competent. If these processes had been followed, the events would have been prevented. RAIB found no evidence that the staff and organisations involved in any of these events lacked a commitment to safety. However, these events reiterate how important it is for the railway to retain its corporate memory and not forget the important lessons learnt from previous accidents, such as Clapham. This deep-seated knowledge is vital to maintaining safety and the industry is at risk of repeating the errors of the past if this memory is not constantly maintained as staff retire or move into other roles.

It's a very good report, but the overview only covers one (Assurance of Software Products) of the three areas of learning included in the report. I can't post the full text of the others, but here's am very quick precis:

Signalling line commissioning processes - Strict controls are needed on any temporary modifications to be carried out during all stages of a commissioning process. In 2016 the rules were not followed during stageworks at London Waterloo and resulted in a low speed collision between a passenger train and a stationary engineering train. The actions of staff in both incidents were inconsistent with the behaviour expected of licenced testers and the competence management processes operated by Network Rail. In addition, some of the contractors had not addressed the full requirements of the roles responsible for the design, testing and commissioning of the work.

Maintenance renewals - Signalling equipment, and its interfaces, require maintenance throughout its lifecycle. When routine maintenance or an arising failure requires equipment to be replaced on a like-for-like basis, the processes differ from those required for resignalling projects. These processes are less complex and reflect the need for simple changeovers to be undertaken quickly and efficiently, often at the site of the equipment concerned. Although maintenance replacements have a simpler method of working, the processes and culture must remain robust. In the incidents at Dalwhinnie in 2021 and Wingfield in 2022 there were failures with different immediate causes, but in both cases the equipment was put back into service without adequate testing, so failing to reveal an underlying fault involving incorrect wiring.
 
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